Knee arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a small camera (arthroscope) and instruments are inserted into the knee joint through small incisions. It allows direct visualisation of the structures inside the knee and is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Conditions addressed by knee arthroscopy

• Meniscal tears — repair or partial meniscectomy
• Loose bodies — free fragments of bone or cartilage causing catching or locking
• Articular cartilage lesions
• Synovitis — removal of inflamed joint lining
• Ligament assessment and, in some cases, treatment

The procedure

Knee arthroscopy is performed under general or regional anaesthesia, usually as a day procedure. Fluid is used to distend the joint for visualisation. The procedure duration depends on what is found and treated. Portals are typically 5–10mm in size.

Recovery

Recovery depends on the specific procedure performed. After diagnostic arthroscopy or minor meniscal trimming, people typically return to light activity within 1–2 weeks, though recovery varies between people. After meniscal repair or cartilage procedures, a more protective rehabilitation programme is required.